Carrier Refrigeration

Today's HFC refrigerants, once the answer to ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants, are now on a course for replacement themselves, owing to concerns about high global warming potential (GWP). Thanks to phasedowns already underway for traditional refrigerants, higher prices and reduced availability are beginning to accelerate the need for new solutions. For its part, Carrier Transicold was the first to offer a clear path away from high-GWP refrigerants with the efficient NaturaLINE ® unit that harnesses the natural refrigerant carbon dioxide (CO2) with an ultra-low GWP of 1. CO2 refrigerant is also classified as A1, nonflammable with low toxicity. In answering the call for low-GWP non-ozone depleting refrigerants, other system manufacturers are proposing use of refrigerants classified as A3, highly flammable, and A2L, mildly flammable. In a seaborne environment, these refrigerants raise concerns about safety. The latest (2014) revision of the generic ISO 5149 standard addresses the safety of refrigerated systems, although it does not specifically address the use of flammable or non- flammable refrigerants. Even so, container refrigeration system manufacturers have wisely avoided the use of flammable refrigerants in their systems. To address the use of flammable refrigerants in container refrigeration systems, a new ISO committee was convened in September 2015 and is developing a standard, ISO 20854, with a deadline for completion in September 2018. Its goal is to achieve an acceptable level of risk for the design and operation of container refrigeration systems using flammable refrigerants. The standard intends to address new design requirements based on a unit in normal operation without problems. ISO standard 20854, when completed, will enable customers to choose systems that use flammable refrigerants, if offered by manufacturers. The current draft of ISO 20854 also stipulates that each manufacturer applying flammable refrigerants must conduct risk assessments to determine equipment design changes needed to address an excessive escape of flammable refrigerant, and to help protect operators and service technicians. Manufacturers must develop necessary service procedures for the handling of flammable refrigerants. According to the current draft, refrigeration equipment manufacturers also have an obligation to train and educate equipment owners and service professionals in the safe operation and care of the equipment, and each refrigeration system manufacturer bears responsibility for training the industry on processes and procedures unique to the refrigerant it has selected. Carrier Transicold is involved, along with additional system manufacturers, shipping lines, industry experts and others, in the development of the standard. We add value to the process by sharing our knowledge and experience across business areas to help ensure the best standard possible. We believe the new ISO standard will ultimately provide an opportunity for manufacturers to present alternative designs using other refrigerants and to help develop safety standards for service personnel around the world, including those in our own vast network of container refrigeration technicians. Simply stated, we are committed to the safety of the industry. Carrier Transicold's support of the development of the new standard for the use of flammable refrigerants does not change our position to advocate for the use of nonflammable refrigerants in container applications. We maintain that CO 2 offers the best combination of refrigeration performance, efficiency and safety. w The Importance of an ISO Standard for Flammable Refrigerants The past 25 years have been a stable period with regard to the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants used in container refrigeration systems. They have served the industry well, helping to expand the trade of perishable and frozen goods worldwide, but a sea change is coming. ContainerLINE November 2017 | Refrigerants 6

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